A  STAR  ATLAS 


FOE  STUDENTS  AND  OBSERVERS 


SHOWING 


6000  STARS  AND  1500  DOUBLE  STARS,  NEBULA  &c. 


IN  TWELVE  MAPS  ON  THE  EQUIDISTANT  PROJECTION: 


WITH 


INDEX  IAPS  ON  THE  STEUEO&EAPHIC  PROJECTION, 


BY 


RICHARD   A.  PROCTOR, 


AU1HO3  OF  4THB  GNOMOMC   STAB  ATLAS,'  '  SATUEN  AND  ITS  SYSTEM,'   'THE   BUN,'   'THE   MOON,' 

•OTHEB   WORLDS  THAK   OUIS,'   E1C. 


SEVENTH     EDITION, 

REVISED    AND    CORRECTED    BY 

T.   E.   ESHN. 


LONGMANS,    GREEN,    AND    CO. 

LONDON,  NEW  YORK,  AND  BOMBAY. 

1896. 


771 
ITU 

A»lron.  Oept. 


PREFACE    TO    THE    SEVENTH    EDITION. 


TN  the  present  edition  (1)  the  double  stars  down  to  magnitude  seven,  (2)  all  the  variable  and  red 
stars  in  'Celestial  Objects  for  the  Common  Telescope,'  (3)  various  objects  of  interest  that  have 
been  subsequently  discovered,  have  been  inserted.  The  lines  indicated  in  the  Nineteenth  Edition  of 
the  smaller  Atlas  have  been  followed.  The  Boundaries  of  Constellations  used  by  Webb  and  Proctor 
are  different,  and,  consequently,  stars  entered  in  Webb  under  one  constellation  will  be  found 
frequently  within  the  boundaries  of  another  in  Proctor.  The  confusion  is  particularly  troublesome 
in  Map  No.  1.  In  other  maps  alterations  have  been  made  either  to  bring  two  maps  into  harmony,  or 
to  include  in  their  proper  constellation  variable  stars.  In  some  cases  stars  marked  red  have  '  Va  ' 
placed  under  '  Eu,'  which  means  that  there  is  reason  to  believe  them  variable,  and  they  need  watch- 
ing. A  variable  star  announced,  and  to  which  no  letter  is  assigned,  is  marked  'Va.'  Struve's 
numbers  have  been  generally  substituted  for  those  of  Piazzi  in  the  New  Edition,  a  line  under  Struve's 
number  indicates  that  it  was  marked  with  Piazzi's  hour  and  number  in  the  previous  editions. 

T.   E.    ESPIN. 

Tow  LAW,  R.S.O.,  Co.  Durham  : 
June  19,  1896. 

3 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FOURTH  EDITION, 


THEEE  editions  of  this  Atlas  having  been  sold  in  about  the  time  during  which  I  had  thought  it 
likely  that  the  first  would  be  disposed  of,  it  appears  more  persons  find  the  atlas  useful  than  I 
had  expected.  I  have  therefore  thought  it  desirable  to  publish  a  cheaper  edition  of  the  work.  I 
must  point  out  that  tli-jre  has  not  been,  in  this  case,  the  reason  for  cheapening  which  commonly 
holds  with  atlases.  Twenty  or  thirty  years  after  the  date  for  which  an  atlas  is  constructed,  the 
effects  of  precession  throw  the  stars  appreciably  out  of  place,  and  though  such  precession  arrows  as 
I  have  drawn  in  these  maps  enable  the  observer  to  make  ready  correction,  it  is  more  convenient  to 
use  an  atlas  constructed  nearer  to  date.  But  as  yet  the  date  (1880)  for  which  this  atlas  is  con- 
structed has  not  even  been  reached.  The  atlas  is  more  nearly  correct  in  this  respect  than  when  it 
was  first  published,  and  will  continue  to  be  so  until  the  year  1890.  It  will  not  be  as  far  from 
exactness  (on  account  of  precession)  as  the  S.D.U.K.  maps  and  Harding's  Atlas  now  are  until  the 
year  1927. 

The  gnomonic  maps  formerly  used  as  index-plates  have  been  replaced  by  a  single  sheet,  showing 
the  arrangement  of  the  northern  and  southern  maps  at  one  view.  As  an  index-plate  this  is  more 
convenient  than  the  former.  The  gnomomc.  maps,  which  show  the  constellation  figures  (coloured), 
and  tlxe  lines  of  longitude  and  latitude  to  every  five  degrees,  form,  in  fact,  an  atlas  by  themselves. 
They  can  now  be  procured  of  the  Publishers  of  the  present  atlas,  either  separately  (2s.  Qd.  each),  or 
with  a  letterpress  explanation,  and  duplicates  on  a  black  ground  (7s.  6d.).  For  certain  purposes,  and 
especially  for  the  interpretation  of  old  accounts  of  the  constellations  (when,  owing  to  precession, 
these  were  very  differently  situated  than  at  present),  the  gnomonic  atlas  is  useful;  but  since  many  who 
use  this  atlas  will  have  little  occasion  for  the  gnomonic  maps,  it  seemed  to  me  their  omission  would 
be  a  suitable  way  of  reducing  the  cost  of  the  present  edition.  The  letterpress  has  also  been  con- 
siderably reduced  :  in  other  respects  the  contents  of  the  atlas  have  been  improved.  Many  corrections 
and  additions  have  been  made  in  this  edition  ;  inter  alia,  sixty  or  seventy  stars  not  marked  as  double 
or  triple  in  the  earlier  editions,  and  for  the  most  part  not  known  to  be  so,  have  been  marked  as  such, 
a  correction  for  which  I  have  to  thank  Mr.  S.  W.  Burnham  of  Chicago.  The  new  names,  devised  to 
reduce  as  far  as  possible  the  writing  on  the  maps,  have  been  replaced  by  the  old  names,  the  only 
remaining  changes  being  the  following: — For  Ursa  Major  I  write  Ursa;  for  Canis  Major,  Canis; 
for  Corona  Borealis,  Corona ;  for  Triangulum  Boreale,  Triangula ;  for  Piscis  Australis,  Piscis ;  for 
Vulpecula,  Vulpes ;  for  Equuleus,  Equus ;  and  for  Delphinus,  Delphin.  All  corrections  have  been 
made  by  myself  in  the  original  drawings,  which  have  been  photo-lithographed  afresh.  ' 

The  arrangement  of  the  maps,  and  the  methods  iised  in  projecting  them,  need  not  be  specially 
described  here.  Let  it  simply  be  noted  that  the  sphere  being  supposed  to  be  divided  into  twelve 
equal  spherical  pentagons,  two  of  them  polar,  the  twelve  maps  here  given  are  equidistant  projections 
of  the  twelve  overlapping  spherical  spaces  enclosed  by  circles  circumscribing  these  pentagons, 
the  maximum  distortion — at  the  border — amounts  only  to  an  extension  in  length  of  one-fourteenth 
part  in  a  direction  perpendicular  to  the  radius.  This  is  scarcely  appreciable. 

The  stars  are  taken  from  the  B.A.  Catalogue,  and  include  all  down  to  the  sixth  magnitude 
inclusive.  The  magnitudes  of  that  Catalogue  are  followed,  except  in  the  case  of  stars  whose  light 


298633 


4  INTEODUCTION. 

was  measured  by  Sir  J.  Herschel ;  these  have  been  shown  according  to  his  measurement.  Bayer's 
Greek  letters  have  been  given  by  preference  ;  next  Flamsteed's  letters  ;  and  italic  and  roman  letters 
pro  re  natd. 

Besides  the  stars  of  the  B.A.C.,  forming  the  groundwork  of  the  atlas,  it  shows  : — • 

1.  All   the   nebulae   down    to   the   order   '  Very   bright '   (inclusive)   in   Sir   J.   Herschel's 

Catalogue,  and  all  Messier's. 

2.  All  binaries  in  Mr.  Brother's  Catalogue. 

3.  All  the  objects  in  the  Bedford  Catalogue. 

4.  All  Schjellerup's  red  stars  (293  in  all). 

5.  All  variables  in  a  list  of  136,  kindly  drawn  up  for  me  by  Mr.  Baxendell,  of  Manchester. 

6.  All  stars  described  as  double  or  triple  in  Sir  J.   Herschel's  Cape  Observations  are  so 

marked  here,  as  also  those  in  Mr.  Burnham's  list  above  mentioned. 

All  '  objects '  have  been  named  where  possible ;  the  stars  preferably  (failing  Greek  letter  or 
Flamsteed's  number)  with  Piazzi's  horal  numbers  ;  nebulas  preferably  with  Messier's  numbers. 

The  constellations  are  those  recommended  in  the  Introduction  to  the  B.A.  Catalogue.  The 
boundaries  are  made  as  simple  as  possible :  they  inu*t  be  understood  as  meaning  no  more  than  this;  that 
in  the  case  of  every  star  bearing  a  Greek  letter  or  Flamsteed's  number,  the  letter  or  number  relates  to  that 
constellation  within  whose  boundary  the  star  is  set.  The  authors  of  the  B.A.  Catalogue  are  responsible 
for  so  changing  the  boundaries  that  in  some  cases  Greek  letters  and  Flamsteed's  numbers  have 
had  to  be  given  up.  I  agree  with  them  entirely,  however.  It  seems  to  me  that  it  would  be 
absurd  for  astronomers  to  allow  themselves  to  be  hampered  by  constellation  boundaries,  or  to  be 
required  to  treat  these  as  the  geographer  treats  the  boundaries  of  oceans  and  continents.  Therefore, 
in  laying  down  the  boundaries  I  have  paid  no  attention  to  any  considerations  except  those  italicised 
above.  In  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  a  hundred,  the  stars  dealt  with  by  astronomers  are  no  longer 
referred  to  constellations ;  and  if  the  constellation  boundaries  and  names  were  as  entirely  removed 
from  celestial  atlases  as  the  constellation  figures  have  been,  very  little  inconvenience  would  follow. 
Means  would  have  to  be  provided  for  identifying  the  few  thousand  stars  now  referred  to  constellations, 
in  the  same  way  that  means  have  been  found  for  identifying  tens  of  thousands  not  so  referred.  After 
that  had  once  been  done,  astronomy  as  an  exact  science  would,  in  my  opinion,  gain  greatly  by  the 
removal  of  the  constellations  ;  though  I  must  admit  that  so  far  as  popular  astronomy  is  concerned, 
I  should  be  sorry  to  see  the  foolish  old  figures  removed. 

BICHAED  A.  PEOCTOE. 


STAR     MAGNITUDES. 
fr         O  .  FIRST. 


O        O  —    THIRD. 

O  =.-   FIFT// 

•  .     SIXTH. 

SKl'K.VTH 


R     A     DBrtr.TnB 


ff- 


AH  mni®  <§•!), 


AB  BRE  VIATION  S 

RorRu  —  RexT,  Tr       7>wrrv 

VorVa  —  VfjrtaMs         *'        21  ftazzi 

OorOu  —  J)i/uMr  1 

T  —  2>ff>f>-  A 

Qa         ~  yit,it//ii/>ts      y 

Qi  yiiinr/ifj/r       h        Sir-/ f/r 

B  Hinar? 

B'      Susper&tf  flwfn 
M    //sr  </  i/^ry      Mnffif,/f 
M  ftoanrMaJ       tfrxxtfr 
M .V.  10. 


2. 


M 


y  ..  \ 


1 


*i* 


f/ffi 

V.'xP 
>'*«,' 


C4*:-. 
^ 


«£; 


Hi 


W*i 


•D.U 


•••& 


n» 


**& 


6>T 


v       // 


'-->/-! 


/ 


--^/ 


ft»»< 


'•«„. 


^x 

c  k 


V/       ^ 


••,,^s/ 


/ 


/ 


•  T  v 


4 


/ 


/<* 


*j<»i 


l!& 


sr 


*&. 


»u 


.  flj 


o»y      f 


?0 


<», 


/yj/ 


\ 


/**      /      W/^ 


6,-S/ 


/r/    >^'  .-/ .  '*i 


r 


•^  T^ 


^ 


A 


r 


/// 


v 


5JB 


V 
•»»- 


f 


0      00    R« 


rf 

~^ 


\         44 


'r 


rr 


<j*)ft* 


m 


'  *?'%*/ 
/?/>/  .*i    '/ 


r   ^' 

•-./     SsAt 


v(    .'8V 

•hv^:lw 


N 


.I448 


•»a 


X 


/ 


47 


45 


i/970 


^  >< 


a?s« 


*f  ?«o./^ 

•/»? 


/ 


./ 


37  •' 


\ 


X 


/     298D     /Jrt) 


r»Li// 


-33" 


ite^. 


ill 


\ 


•^SSv*" 


%/; 

.\  / 


•<T\ 


JI75" 


S(v 


Jc 


/          .9, 


.68  \ 


A« 


/ 


Of, 


^ 


«^z/] 


•  •7 


•0 


*V 


15 


2? 


in 


r/96T 


fe'  V 

!     r/// 


'/         / 


/ 


»Rn. 


.0° 


X 


^i°. 


0^>^'D 


^47C 


55"    / 


9*J 


>&> 


'05.103° 
74M 


O*00° 
ff 


rp       ^ 


•x  / 

-f^-sr 

ATK^ 


'72 


•  40 


•43 


^ 


?' 


/        / 


"?      <r 
!•,     o^ 

-»Jl86B- 


fiiss" 


.151' 


.S^ 


Zl38° 


•Ru. 


•to 


.aO 


.89 


33  /' 


^ 


4Z» 


40 


.?6 


^0 


J 


/ 

J  /__ 

L    /       J- 

oLj 

177?          ~^^Kr~ 

458 

V     \ 

\ 

iT 

2 

60                 •  D 

38° 

o'V 
I>s41 

L'y                ^V 

h-- 

*20 

Aar  •  x 

• 
• 

oy 

" 

'N               / 
'\        / 

\    ,, 
/ 

.'25 
86»  .R, 

^^^      * 

rt6e    'zag0 

'      \ 
/ 

/              x 
/ 

/   A/ 

J^O 


ao 


^ 


Dor-,  r  T  n  R 


TTie  eJfrt'H>f,  i/u/K-ri/r 
srxsit'niif  mt'tii' 
for  WC  ftnrx. 


ABB  R  K  VIATJON  S. 

Ror  Ru  —  Kerf  Tr  —  Ternary 

VorVa       I'dJ-iaJrlf  *'  —  21  ftazzi 

DorDu       J)f>u*>lf  3>  — •-  S£rteve 

T  -  J)yt>ff  A  —  2)unle>f> 

Qi          —  quintuplr  h 
B 


B'.      Su.sperfes/  jtuiarv 
M    /«?  «  ^>Vr«iry      Multifile 
M  /fria  nrfai/a./      Jfrx.ii,-r 
1(1.  V.  10. 


HANHART 


M  A  IP  1 

e&&bJ§l4&       3 


S  T  .A  R      M  A  G  N  I  T  U  D  K  S 


•'.•:•    NEBULA. 


''asul  under; 


ass®, 


urrvws 

jtrecrssiatHtl  nuili 
fhr  ltt<>  fetus, 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

Ror  Ru  —  Reel  Tr  —  Ternary 

VorVa  —  ItviaMe  ?!  -  21  Tfczrzz 

DorDu  •-  JDmi&lt  I  —  Stnire 

T          —  7>^«  A  -  flunlop 

Qa         —  qiuuimple  $       SirWffrrscfif/ 

Q  l          —  Qiantuptr  h       Sir.f.ffrrseft't 
B 


B'  -  X 

M     ^  «  .SV5ay/ 
M  ftnantfaJa.;      Jff.i.iiff 
.;      I[I.V.  10. 


HANHART 


STAR      MAGNITUDES. 


_  FIRST. 
SECOND. 
THIRD. 


•>:•    NEBULA. 


.  wrcivs  tsu/it<i/r  fStt 
rrcfssifnaJ  rrni/is>/i 
ft>r  !(>/>  tears 


ABB  RE  VI  AT  IONS. 


RorRu  —  Red, 

VorVa 

DorDu  ---  J)auMe 

T 


Tr  -  Ternary 
2J   -  21  fterzzi 
I 
Triple,  A 

Qa  -  Quadruple       \$ 

Qi          -  Qtfintuf'ff       h 

B 


B  ?  —  S 
M 

M  ffo  a  nri«tla,j      Jtfssief 
H  V  10. 


HANH  ART 


STAR     MAGNITUDES. 


o 

e 


•:•:•  NEBULA. 


FI&ST. 


FOURTH. 

fffTff. 

S-fXTff. 


MA 


t*  arrvws 
nrece-ssion 

for  IOC  Mar* 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


DorDu 

T 


£ 


'—  150°                  ^                  ' 

3 

• 

•A 

Ak%l 

^7 

M    f  to  a.  Star; 
M  ft»*n*M«-J 


.  10. 


40 


H ANHART 


•::  NEBULA 


ITie  arri'ws  irutii.-atr  the 
swnaJ.  motion 
feats. 


A  B  B  K  E  VI  _AT  IONS 


21 


RorRu       7?«^  Tr 

VorV.-i 

DorDu  - 

T  -  7>^/«  A 

Qa,  •  quwtruple      H       Si 

Qi          •  yuintiifjtf      h       Sir./.fferscttel- 

B  Jtwrtri' 

B'.      Su.i/fnfft/  /I  atari' 
M    //«>  «  .S'*r^/      Afulfifi/f 
M    'tnanetufa./      Me**"'/' 
i]i.V.  10. 


•>:•   NEBULA 


40     20 


ITut  arrows  uu&cate  liie 

n 
tears. 


AB  BRJE  VIAT1ON  S. 

Ror  Ru  —  Red  Tr  -  Irinary 

YorVa  —  PizTraMe-  •      *J  —  21  ftazzi 
OorDu  —  DtiuMt 
T  -  Triple- 

Qa, 


Qi 
B 


y  Sir-tt'ffrtscflff, 
Qurnfuplf  h  Str./.ffrr\,-/ir/ 
Jit  nary 

B  ; 

M     '*•  «•,  > 

M 


Multifile. 


HANHART     Vlulrhtjl 


MAF 


77i.e  arrenrs  indicate  t/ie 

precesswnal  mcluin, 

fkr  IOf>  fears 


ABBREVIATION  S 


Ror  Ru  --  Red,  Tr  —  7>tnaj;v 

YorVa   -  VariaMf  I1  =  21  fiazzi 

DorDu  —  JJouMc  2  —  S&we 

T  —  Triple-  A  —  flunlep 

Qa,         -  quadrupfe.  \} 

Qi  iOTitulc  h       fiir-fffrmebet 


M  /Kr>a  neAula./  ^  Mfxsiff 
-.V.  10. 


H  A  N  H  »  »  <      -'A 


S  TAR     MAGNITUD E  S  . 

Q  to  Q  _  FIRST. 

O  to  O  —  SECOWD 
Oto  O 

O 

•  =  F/FTff. 

•  —  SIXTH 


ivrctfs  {su&caJz  tfie 
J.  mst 
Kars. 


Vuspecersl.  Jiinary 
a,  Sear/  ^~  Jfulfifle 
fifiwfa./  Jfrsxier 
H.V.  10. 


STAR     MAGNITUDES 


^S    to  {R 

O     O 

o    o 
o 

• 


_  FIRST. 
_  SECOND 
_    THIRD. 
—  FOURTH 
_  FIFTH 
=  S-IXTH 


ITtf  arrows  uu&cate.  tfie 

processional  nwtion 

forlOOKars. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


, 

Qi  •  Qiana^ptf,      h  -  Sir-ffferscM 

B  Einsery 

B'.  —  SuspeMrjf  JiirtMry 
M    /*  *  .i'Aw"/     MulOpte 
M  ftoanetula,/     Jlrssur 
toa.nxtub-    .V.  10 


HANHART    Photo  Iff 


STAR     MAGNITUDES. 
_  FIRST. 
_  SECOND. 
_    THIRD. 
_=  FOURTH. 
_=  FIFTH. 
.  SIXTH. 


'"Q 

©    o 

O     O 

o 

e 


•:•:•   IfEBULA. 


M 


JTie  arrows  uuA^aff  Ifie 

su>nal  mvticn. 
for  100  Kars. 


\5° 


Tr  -  Tt-mary 

ZJ  -    21 

J)ouMf  1  -  Struve 

7>y>&-  A       Dunlop 

Quadruple       ^       SirWfftrsrfift 
Qumfupte       h       fi 


I[I.V.  10. 


HAN  HART     Pht'tri  MM. 


STAR     MAGNITUDES. 


„  A  _   FIRST. 

0  to  0  _  SECOND. 

O        O  -=   TJfZJRS. 

O  FOURTH. 

O  .  FIFTH. 


•:•:•  KEBULA. 


SEVESfTH. 


40  XX 


*  -  • 


tjrri'ir*  tJtt/ifaJ*  t/tr 
.tif naJ  rm'tivtt 

/r>r  Wfl 


ABBKK  VIATION  S. 

Ror  Ru  -  A?rf  Tr  -  Trmaty 

VorVa       VarraMe-        5 

DorDu  -  2><wA5'  2 

T  -  J>y>lf  A  — 

Qa,         -  Quatfruplf      H       SirH'SrrstftrS 

Qi  Quintuplr      h 

B  Binary 

B ;      y 

\K    ftoa.  StarJ 

M  ftnanehilaj     M'fSi'r 
W  V.  10. 


HANHART    Phftf  llfb 


NORTHERN 
INDEX    MAP 


1880 

On  the  Ste 

Projection, 


Shewing  ail  the  space,  covered 

Jy  the,  six  Northern,    maps , 

and,  those  parts    of  the 

Southern,  maps  which  li*> 

North  of  12  "South  Dec* 


London,, Lonamans  Jc  C° 


On.  t}us  globe.  tJie 
aretes  I,  ?. -t.fi.  8.  and,  1O 
are  e«yuui    to    car.h.    otiuer. 
and,  a.lfO  to  those  circles  ft)  which 
the,  overlaps,  3.5,7.9  and  11  belong 


Th&  dates  round    the 

map  are-  those  on*  t^hioh 

the  corresponding  meridians 

come  to  the  South  fin,  Northern, 

latitudes)   at    midnight, 


H  A  fractor.  M  r 


E  WeUcr.Litho 


SOUTHERN 
INDEX    MAP 

1880 


B.  the,  space'  covered 
by  the.  six  SoutJiarn,   maps, 
And,  those  parts   of   the 
Northern,  maps  which-  lie< 


London,, Longmans  &  C? 


On  foe,  globe  the 
circles  12.3,6,  7,  9  and  U 
are  equal  to   eo^ch  other, 
and.  also  to  those  circles  to  which 
the  over  Laps  2.4,6,8.  andw  belong 


The  dates  round     th> 

map  are  those  on.  WnW» 

thf- corresponding  mftidinns 

cam&  to  the  South  (inNorthrrn 


R  A  Proctor . 


K  Wetter.  Litho 


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